Essential Traveler's Guide: Ethiopia

To help you prepare for an unforgettable journey, we've compiled key information about visiting Ethiopia. Please note that visa and health requirements can change, so we always recommend double-checking with official sources closer to your travel date.

Location & Geography

Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea to the north, Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Kenya to the south, and South Sudan and Sudan to the west. Its diverse landscape ranges from the Simien and Bale Mountains to the Danakil Depression, one of the hottest places on Earth.

Population

Ethiopia has a population of over 120 million people, making it the second-most populous country in Africa. It is a mosaic of more than 80 ethnic groups, each with its own unique language, traditions, and culture.

Language

Official Language: Amharic.
Widely Spoken: English is the primary foreign language used in government, education, and tourism. You will find that our guides and staff in major hotels speak excellent English.
Local Languages: Over 80 languages are spoken across the country, including Oromo, Tigrinya, and Somali.

Passport & Visa

Passport: Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your intended date of entry into Ethiopia.
Visa: Tourist visas are required for most foreign nationals. The easiest way to obtain one is online through the official e-Visa Ethiopia website before you travel. Some nationalities can also obtain a visa on arrival at Bole International Airport in Addis Ababa, but we highly recommend the e-Visa for a smoother entry.

Currency

The official currency is the Ethiopian Birr (ETB).
Credit cards are accepted at major hotels and some restaurants in Addis Ababa but are not widely used elsewhere. It is essential to carry cash (Birr) for markets, smaller establishments, and outside the capital.
You can exchange foreign currency at the airport and banks in major cities. The US Dollar is the most easily exchanged foreign currency.

Time Difference

Ethiopia is in the East Africa Time (EAT) zone, which is UTC+3. It does not observe Daylight Saving Time. The Ethiopian calendar is also unique, consisting of 13 months.

Vaccination & Health

Yellow Fever: A Yellow Fever vaccination certificate is required if you are arriving from a country with risk of Yellow Fever transmission.
Recommended Vaccinations: We strongly recommend being up to date on routine vaccinations and also getting vaccinations for Hepatitis A & B, Typhoid, and Meningitis.
Malaria: Malaria prophylaxis is recommended for travel to lowland areas. The risk in the Northern Highlands (e.g., Lalibela, Gondar) and Addis Ababa is low to non-existent. Please consult your doctor for personalized medical advice.

Medical & Accidental Insurance

Comprehensive travel insurance is mandatory for all our guests. Your policy must cover medical emergencies, evacuation, trip cancellation, and lost luggage. Please bring a copy of your insurance policy with you.

Religion

Ethiopia is a deeply religious country. The two main religions are Christianity (predominantly Ethiopian Orthodox) and Islam. Please respect local customs, especially when visiting religious sites (e.g., covering shoulders and knees).

Electricity

The standard voltage is 220 V, and the frequency is 50 Hz.
Power outlets are of Type C (European 2-pin), Type E (French 2-pin with earth), and Type F (German 2-pin with side earth clips). A universal travel adapter is recommended.
Power cuts can occur outside of Addis Ababa, so a flashlight or headlamp is useful.

Climate

Ethiopia has three main climatic seasons:

Dry Season (Oct-May): The best time for travel, with clear skies and pleasant temperatures, especially from October to January.
Minor Rains (Feb-Mar): Short, sporadic showers, mainly in the afternoon.
Main Rainy Season (Jun-Sep): Heavy afternoon rains, which can make some rural roads difficult to pass.

Crime and Safety

Ethiopia is generally a safe country for tourists. However, as with any travel destination, exercise common sense:

Avoid displaying expensive jewelry or electronics.
Keep your valuables in a hotel safe.
Be vigilant in crowded areas to avoid pickpocketing.

Sightseeing, Cameras & Photography

Sightseeing: Our itineraries are designed to show you the best of Ethiopia, from ancient rock-hewn churches and castles to vibrant tribal markets and stunning natural wonders.
Photography: Photography is generally permitted, but it is strictly forbidden to photograph military installations, government buildings, and airports.
Photography Fees: Some historical sites and churches charge a separate, mandatory photography fee (usually 100-200 ETB for a personal camera). Video fees are higher.
Photographing People: This is very important. Always, without exception, ask for permission before taking a photo of a person. A smile and a gesture towards your camera are usually understood. Some individuals, particularly in the Omo Valley, may request a small fee for a portrait.

Clothing

Pack lightweight clothing for daytime and a jacket or sweater for cool evenings in the highlands. Modest dress is appreciated—covering shoulders and knees is essential for visiting churches and mosques. Sturdy, comfortable walking shoes are a must.

Accommodations

We carefully select your accommodations for comfort, location, and character. You will stay in a range of places, from modern hotels in Addis Ababa to charming, locally-owned lodges and eco-camps in more remote areas. All rooms on our tours have private bathrooms unless otherwise specified.

Meals

Ethiopian cuisine is a highlight of any trip. The national dish is injera, a spongy flatbread, served with a variety of flavorful stews (wat). We include most meals on our tours. We can accommodate dietary restrictions with advance notice

Important Notes

Tipping is a common practice to show appreciation for good service. Guidance for tipping guides and drivers will be provided.
Plastic bags are banned in Ethiopia. Do not pack them in your luggage.

Domestic Flights

For itineraries that include domestic travel (e.g., to Lalibela, Axum, or the Omo Valley), we will arrange all domestic flights. Ethiopian Airlines has an extensive and reliable domestic network. The baggage allowance for domestic flights is typically 15-20 kg for checked luggage and 5-7 kg for carry-on.

Disclaimer: This information is intended as a general guide. Omo River Tours is not responsible for changes in visa, health, or entry regulations. Travelers are solely responsible for ensuring they have the correct documentation and meet all entry requirements for Ethiopia.